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''Gong'an'' or crime-case fiction () is a subgenre of Chinese crime fiction involving government magistrates who solve criminal cases. The Judge Dee and Judge Bao stories are the best known examples of the genre. ==History== There are no surviving works of Song ''gong'an'', a genre of Song Dynasty puppetry and oral performances. Judge Bao stories based on the career of Bao Zheng, a common protagonist of ''gong'an'' fiction, first appeared during the Yuan Dynasty.〔Kinkley 2000, p. 28〕 Bao was a historical figure who worked for Emperor Renzong of Song as a magistrate. Accounts of his life were recorded in historical documents that later inspired the mythological Judge Bao of ''gong'an'' fiction.〔Kinkley 2000, p. 29〕 The ''Circle of Chalk'' (Chinese:灰闌記) is a Yuan ''zaju'' play that recounts a Judge Bao criminal case. The popularity of Judge Bo performances contributed to the success of written ''gong'an'' novels published in the 16th and 17th centuries.〔Hegel 1998, p. 32〕 The oldest collection of Judge Bao stories is the ''Bao Longtu Baijia Gong'an'', the ''Hundred Cases of Judge Bao'', also included in the Ming Dynasty ''Bao Gong An'' (Chinese:包公案).〔Hegel 1998, p. 32〕 The popularity of ''gong'an'' novels diminished in the early years of the Qing Dynasty. It was not until the latter years of the dynasty that the genre experienced a resurgence. Thematically, the ''gong'an'' works of the Qing Dynasty mixed elements of traditional ''gong'an'' fiction with the ''wuxia'' martial arts genre.〔Hegel 1998, p. 33〕 Qing Judge Bao stories were widespread in every medium, from operas to folk performances and novels.〔Kinkley 2000, p. 29〕 Other magistrates like Judge Peng and Judge Li were also the subject of ''gong'an'' works. ''Shi Gong'an'', ''Judge Shi's Cases'', was published in 1798.〔Kinkley 2000, p. 29〕 In the 20th century, ''Di Gong An'' (Chinese:狄公案), an 18th-century collection of ''gong'an'' stories, was discovered at a second-hand book store in Tokyo, Japan and translated into English as the ''Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee'' by Dutch sinologist Robert Van Gulik. Van Gulik chose ''Di Gong An'' to translate because it was in his view closer to the Western tradition of detective fiction and more likely to appeal to non-Chinese readers. He used the style and characters to write a long running series of Judge Dee books that introduced the ''gong'an'' genre to Western audiences. The hybrid ''gong'an'' and ''wuxia'' stories of the Qing Dynasty remain popular in contemporary China. ''Wuxia'' writer Jin Yong's novels portray more elaborate martial arts and weapons than that of earlier ''gong'an'' works. 〔Hegel 1998, p. 33〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「gong'an fiction」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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